Tissue and subcellular activities of superoxide dismutase in skeletal muscles during physical exercises
Research article: Tissue and subcellular activities of superoxide dismutase in skeletal muscles during physical exercises
Authors: A.M. Gadzhiev1,2, S.A. Aliyev1,2*, A.K. Hassanova2, Z.B. Rzayev2
1Academician Abdulla Garayev Institute of Physiology, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences, 78 Sharifzadeh Str., Baku AZ1100, Azerbaijan;
2State Academy of Physical Education and Sport, 98a Fatali Khan Khoysky Str., Baku AZ1072, Azerbaijan
For correspondence: saadat.aliyev@mail.ru
Accepted for publication: 22 May 2020
Abstract: Activity of the enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the skeletal muscles was studied on the tissue and subcellular levels in the rats exposed to physical exercise. The specific differences in response to acute and regular training exercises were revealed in superoxide dismutase activities measured in tissue homogenate, mitochondrial and cytosolic fractions of white and red gastrocnemius muscles in the rats. These differences depended on exercise character (acute or chronic), fiber composition (glycolytic and oxidative) and subcellular localization of the enzyme. In the studied muscles, adaptive increase of SOD tissue activity was not shown in response to regular training exercise. In white muscles, preferentially composed of glycolytic fibers, adaptive induction of mitochondrial SOD (mitSOD) activity by regular training was more obvious than in red muscles, composed preferentially of oxidative fibers. However, induction of mitSOD activity by acute exercise in red muscles was displayed more strongly, than in white muscles. In red muscles of trained animals, the increase in SOD activity in the cytoplasm (cytSOD) becomes more moderate in response to testing exercise. In white muscles, cytSOD activity does not undergo adaptive changes and is not induced by testing exercise. Analysis of SOD activity in mitochondrial and cytoplasmic fractions of fast and slow muscles will be useful for elucidation of their adaptive peculiarities.
Keywords: Skeletal muscles, physical exercise, superoxide dismutase, subcellular fractions
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